Everything you need to know about Endometriosis

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma (lining of uterus) outside the uterus. it is a benign condition but has several similarities to malignancy like disease progression ,local invasion  and widespread.

Types of endometriosis (based on appearence):

1. Superficial endometriosis
2. Ovarian endometriosis
3. Deep endometriosis

Clinical symptoms:

1. Chronic pelvic pain
2. Abnormal menstrual cycles
3. Infertility
4. Cyclical bowel and bladder problems

What causes Endometriosis?

Several theories explain development of endometriosis.

1. Implantation theory(retrograde mensturation)
2. Metaplasia theory
3. Genetic factors
4. Molecular factors

Risk Factors:

1. Menstrual cycle(early cycles,heavy flow)
2. Delayed childbearing
3. Higher socio economic status
4. Family history(first degree relatives)
5. Utrine anamolies

Investigations:

1. Ultrasound
2. Magnetic resonance imaging
3. MOST EFFECTIVE IS LAPROSCOPIC VISUALISATION

Based on laproscopic finding its classified into four stages

1. Stage 1 –minimal
2. Stage 2 –mild
3. Stage 3 – moderate
4. Stage 4 – severe

Bottom line:

It is always advisable to get it treated under the supervision of a doctor.

For further information and consultation:

Name: Dr. N. Divya Swetha

MBBS., DGO., DNB